Anterolateral ligament reconstruction in treating anterior cruciate ligament injury with grade 2 pivot-shift / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) patients undergoing ACL reconstruction combined with anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction in treating patients with Grade 2 pivot-shift.Methods:From October 2015 to August 2018, a total of 59 patients with Grade 2 pivot shift were allocated into ALL reconstruction group underwent combined ACL and ALL reconstruction ( n=29) and control group underwent isolated ACL reconstruction ( n=30). Lachman, pivot-shift and KT-1000 side-to-side difference test were used to determine the knee laxity. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score and Lysholm score were used to assess the knee function. The results of Lachman test and pivot-shift test were classified into -, 1+, 2+, 3+. Results:All patients were followed up for 1 year. The average age was 30.5±8.3 years (range, 15-48 years) in ALL reconstruction group with 5 months duration from injury. The left knee was involved in 11 cases, while 18 cases in right knee in ALL reconstruction group. There were 15 cases with injury in medial meniscus and 8 cases in lateral meniscus. In control group, the average age was 32.2±9.7 years (range 17-51 years) with 14 cases in left knees and 16 in right knees. In these patients, 18 of them had medial meniscus injury, while other 11 patients had lateral meniscus injury. The average duration from injury to surgery was 7 months. The Lachman test (-: 25, 1+: 4 vs. -: 25, 1+: 4, Z=-0.91, P=0.361), KT-1000 arthrometer (1.9±1.3 mm vs. 2.2±1.3 mm, t=0.66, P=0.513), IKDC subjective score (92.4±5.6 vs. 90.2±6.7, t=1.37, P=0.176) and Lysholm score (91.0±6.2 vs. 89.1±5.0, t=1.29, P=0.201) did not show significant difference between the two groups. Pivot-shift test (-:27, 1+: 2 vs. -: 20, 1+: 8, 2+: 2, Z=-0.66, P=0.507). Pivot-shift test was significantly superior in ALL reconstruction group compared with that in control group (6.5% vs.33.3%, χ 2=21.70, P<0.001). Conclusion:Patients with preoperative Grade 2 pivot shift had significant improvement in rotatory knee laxity after ACL reconstruction combined with ALL reconstruction compared with isolated ACL reconstruction. However, there was no significant difference in anterior laxity and knee function scores between the two groups.

An EHG-based Preterm Delivery Prediction Algorithm via Convolution Neural Network / 中国医疗器械杂志

Premature delivery is one of the direct factors that affect the early development and safety of infants. Its direct clinical manifestation is the change of uterine contraction intensity and frequency. Uterine Electrohysterography(EHG) signal collected from the abdomen of pregnant women can accurately and effectively reflect the uterine contraction, which has higher clinical application value than invasive monitoring technology such as intrauterine pressure catheter. Therefore, the research of fetal preterm birth recognition algorithm based on EHG is particularly important for perinatal fetal monitoring. We proposed a convolution neural network(CNN) based on EHG fetal preterm birth recognition algorithm, and a deep CNN model was constructed by combining the Gramian angular difference field(GADF) with the transfer learning technology. The structure of the model was optimized using the clinical measured term-preterm EHG database. The classification accuracy of 94.38% and F1 value of 97.11% were achieved. The experimental results showed that the model constructed in this paper has a certain auxiliary diagnostic value for clinical prediction of premature delivery.

Efficacy of arthroscopic surgical treatment for recalcitrant tennis elbow combined with degenerative lateral ulnar collateral ligament lesions / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To evaluate the outcome of arthroscopic surgical treatment for recalcitrant tennis elbow combined with degenerative lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) lesions.Methods:A retrospective case series study was made on clinical data of 27 patients with recalcitrant tennis elbow combined with degenerative LUCL lesions admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from June 2014 to December 2020. There were 19 males and 8 females, with the age range of 39-56 years [(49.8±6.9)years]. The degenerative LUCL lesions were evaluated arthroscopically. Arthroscopic LUCL debridement and shrinkage combined with repair of extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) were performed in all patients. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume and length of hospital stay were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) scale, and disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire were evaluated and compared preoperatively and at the final follow-up.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-73 months [(24.1±9.7)months], with the operation time of 0.75-1 hours [(0.8±0.2)hours], intraoperative bleeding volume of 5-10 ml [(7.2±1.5)ml], and length of hospital stay of 4-12 days [(6.2±2.1)days]. The VAS, MEPS, PRTEE and DASH scores were significantly improved at postoperative 1 year [1(1,2)points, 95(85,100)points, 8(6,12)points and 12.9(8.9,15.8)points] when compared with those preoperatively [5(3,6)points, 70(65,85)points, 47(42,62)points and 43.8(36.8,49.0)points] (all P<0.01). No patients had limited range of motion, wound infection, heterotopic ossification, traumatic arthritis and other complications. Conclusion:For recalcitrant tennis elbow combined with degenerative LUCL lesions, arthroscopic LUCL debridement and shrinkage combined with ECRB repair can achieve pain relief and elbow function recovery.

Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Stress Radiography in Diagnosing Chronic Anterior Talofibular Ligament Injury / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To compare Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) and stress radiography in diagnosing chronic anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury.Methods Among 45 patients undergoing ankle arthroseopy between October 2016 and December 2016,39 patients were included in this study.The ankle arthroscopy was used as the gold standard for diagnosing the chronic ATFL injury.The sensitivity,speciality and accuary of MRI and stress radiography were calculated according to the arthroscopic findings.Results The ankle arthroscopy revealed ATFL injury in 30 cases and intact ATFL in 9 cases,while MRI results found ATFL injury in 28 cases and intact ATFL in 11 cases with thesensitivity,speciality and accuary of 90.0％,88.9％ and 89.7％ respectively.The stress radiography results revealed ATFL injury in 21 cases and intact ATFL in 18 cases,with the sensitivity,speciality and accuary of 63.3％,77.8％ and 66.7％.Conclusion MRI was more reliable in diagnosing chronic ATFL injury compared with the stress radiography.

Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction in ACL Insufficient Knee with High-grade Pivot Shift——Surgical Technique and Early Follow-up Results / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction combined with anterolateral ligament(ALL)reconstruction in ACL injury patients with high-grade pivot shift.Methods From May 2015 to April 2016,156 patients underwent ACL reconstruction by the same surgeon,and 22 of them with grade 2/3 pivot shift were included in this study.Anteroposterior knee stability was evaluated using KT1000 measurement,and the rotatory stability was assessed using the pivot-shift test.The Lysholm score was used to monitor the clinical function.Results There were 14 male subjects and 8 females,with an average age of 29.3 years.The mean follow-up period was 8.6 months.The mean side-to-side difference of anteroposterior knee laxity was 2.1 ± 0.6 mm,significantly improved compared with the preoperative 8.9 ± 3.1 mm.The preoperative pivot-shift indicated 2+ in 20 patients and 3+ in 2 patients,while at the final follow-up,21 patients had negative pivot shift with 1 of 1+ pivot shift.The difference was significant.The average Lysholm score improved significantly from 60.5 ± 12.3 preoperatively to 79.2 ± 7.8 at the final follow-up.Conclusion The rotatory instability can be effectively restored through the ACL reconstruction combined with ALL reconstruction in patients with high-grade pivot shift.The early-stage knee stability and functional outcomes indicate significant improvement postoperatively.

Incidence of concomitant anterolateral ligament MRI abnormality on patients with high-grade pivot-shift phenomenon / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the incidence of concomitant anterolateral ligament (ALL) abnormality by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on patients with high-grade pivot-shift after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.Methods From January 2016 to June 2016,one hundred and sixty-four consecutive patients with acute ACL injury were retrospectively reviewed.All patients underwent comprehensive pre-operative physical examinations and MRI scans.Sixty-eight patients with acute ACL injury who showed high-grade (grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ) pivot-shift phenomenon were enrolled in the high-grade pivot-shift group.They were matched in a 1:1 fashion to another 68 ACL-injured participants who showed low-grade (grade 0 and Ⅰ) pivot-shift phenomenon during the same study period.The grade of ALL injury was divided into grade Ⅰ (sprain),grade Ⅱ (partial tear) and grade Ⅲ (complete tear),and they were further compared between the high-grade pivot-shift group and the low-grade pivot-shift group on the coronal view of their T2WI MRI scans.Results The mean age of the patients in all groups was 29.3 years old.There were 43 male and 25 female patients in each group.There were no significant differences in terms of the time from injury to surgery,the body mass index and the KT-1000 side-to-side difference.Overall,there were 105 patients (77.2％,105/136) showed abnormal signal of the anterolateral ligament on MRI scans.The incidence of concomitant ALL injury in the high-grade pivot-shift group (94.1％,64/68) was significantly higher than that in the low-grade pivot-shift group (60.3％,41/68,x2=10.786,P=0.013).Specifically,there were 15,19 and 30 patients who showed grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ ALL abnormality in high-grade pivot-shift group.However,there were only 29,8 and 4 patients who showed grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ ALL abnormality in low-grade pivot-shift group.The incidence of patients who showed grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ MRI evidence of concomitant ALL injury was 76.6％ (49/64) in the high-grade pivot-shift group,which was also significantly higher than that in the low-grade pivot-shift group (29.3％,12/41,x2=18.452,P=0.009).Conclusion In the present study,77.2％ of the patients who showed high-grade pivot-shift demonstrated combined ALL injury on the MRI scan.In addition,patients in the high-grade pivot-shift group showed significantly higher incidence of combined ALL MRI abnormality compared with those in the low-grade pivot-shift group.The high-grade pivot-shift phenomenon might be caused by combined ACL and ALL injury.

Influences of Wuqinxi Bird Exercises Combined with Simple Breath Exercises on Quality of Life and Immune Function of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To evaluate the effect of the bird exercises of Wuqinxi bird exercises combined with simple breath exercises on the quality of life and immune function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Sixty-eight COPD patients were allocated into observation group (N=32) and control group (N=36)according to the intention of the patients. The control group was given conventional inhalation of Seretide and Tiotropium Bromide,and the observation group did Wuqinxi bird exercises and simple breath exercises plus the conventional inhalation therapy. Before and after treatment,we compared the BODE indexes such as body mass index (BMI), air flow obstruction index of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), dyspnea scores,exercise capacity (6-min walking distance)as well as COPD assessment test (CAT)scores between the two groups before and after treatment. Meanwhile, the changes of T lymphocyte subtype CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 levels and serum immunoglobulin M (IgM),IgA,IgG levels were also monitored. Results(1)After intervention, dyspnea scores of the observation group were obviously improved (P < 0.01), while the control group showed no obvious changes in dyspnea scores (P > 0.05). The observation group had better effect on improving dyspnea scores and 6-min walking distance than the control group (P < 0.05 or P <0.01).(2)After intervention,BODE index and CAT scores were improved in the observation group(P<0.01),BODE index was improved in the control group (P < 0.05), and the improvement of BODE index and CAT scores in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (3)After intervention, T lymphocyte subtype CD3 and CD4 levels as well as the serum IgM, IgA, IgG levels in the observation group were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),and IgA level in the control group was also increased (P < 0.05). The observation group had stronger effect on increasing T lymphocyte subtype CD3 and CD4 levels than the control group(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).(4)The difference of adverse reaction incidence was insignificant between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Application of Wuqinxi bird exercises and simple breath exercises based on conventional inhalation therapy is effective on improving dyspnea, 6-min walking distance, BODE index and CAT scores, and on increasing T lymphocyte subtype CD3 and CD4 levels as well as the serum IgM and IgG levels of COPD patients.

Establishment of rat models of fever and shivering in different degrees / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore the body temperature thresholds of shivering in febrile rats during therapeutic hypothermia, and establish rat models of shivering in different degrees. Methods A randomized controlled trial was adopted. Rats weighted 200 ± 20 g and basal body temperature of 36. 8-38. 3℃ were induced with fever using 20% dry yeast solution through dorsal subcutaneous injection. 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:10 mL ice pack group, 20 mL ice pack group, 40 mL ice pack group and control group, 10 rats in each group. Physical cooling was implemented for 30 minutes in the neck and armpits. No cooling measures was given to the control group. The shivering of rats were observed, and the threshold of anal temperature was monitored. Results In the rats with hyperthermia, shivering was not observed in any part of the rats in the control group and in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 10 mL ice pack. The rats in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 20 mL ice pack developed mild shivering, which manifested as piloerection, head and neck trembling, with or without upper limbs trembling. The threshold of the average rectal temperature of mild shivering was 37. 25℃, The incidence of mild shivering was 100%. The rats in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 40 mL ice pack developed severe shivering, which manifested as piloercetion, head, neck, limbs and trunk were trembling, and tail muscle tension increased. The threshold of the average rectal temperature of severe shivering was 37. 07℃, severe shivering occurred in 90% of the rats. Conclusions No shivering, mild shivering, and severe shivering models can be established by intervention with ice pack in rats with high fever during therapeutic hypothermia.

Establishment of rat models of fever and shivering in different degrees / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore the body temperature thresholds of shivering in febrile rats during therapeutic hypothermia, and establish rat models of shivering in different degrees. Methods A randomized controlled trial was adopted. Rats weighted 200 ± 20 g and basal body temperature of 36. 8-38. 3℃ were induced with fever using 20% dry yeast solution through dorsal subcutaneous injection. 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:10 mL ice pack group, 20 mL ice pack group, 40 mL ice pack group and control group, 10 rats in each group. Physical cooling was implemented for 30 minutes in the neck and armpits. No cooling measures was given to the control group. The shivering of rats were observed, and the threshold of anal temperature was monitored. Results In the rats with hyperthermia, shivering was not observed in any part of the rats in the control group and in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 10 mL ice pack. The rats in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 20 mL ice pack developed mild shivering, which manifested as piloerection, head and neck trembling, with or without upper limbs trembling. The threshold of the average rectal temperature of mild shivering was 37. 25℃, The incidence of mild shivering was 100%. The rats in the therapeutic hypothermia group of 40 mL ice pack developed severe shivering, which manifested as piloercetion, head, neck, limbs and trunk were trembling, and tail muscle tension increased. The threshold of the average rectal temperature of severe shivering was 37. 07℃, severe shivering occurred in 90% of the rats. Conclusions No shivering, mild shivering, and severe shivering models can be established by intervention with ice pack in rats with high fever during therapeutic hypothermia.

Modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure for the treatment of anterior shoulder insta-bility / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To present the surgical technique and to evaluate the results of the modified ar-throscopic Latarjet procedure.Methods: Arthroscopic Latarjet procedure has proven to be a reliable method of treatment for difficult anteroinferior instability of the shoulder joint.However, there is no ante-rior capsule reattachment and too much subscapularis damage for the classic procedure.From February 2013 , we modified the classic procedure with reattachment of anterior joint capsule and muscle-tendon junction splitting of subscapularis.Coracoid graft position was evaluated using CT scanning.Results:From March 2012 to August 2014, 51 modified Latarjet procedures were successfully performed arthro-scopically for patients with anterior shoulder instability.According to the CT scanning at the final follow up, the graft was flush with the glenoid in 94.1%, and medially placed in 5.9%.Vertical positioning was perfect in 96.0%(2 to 5 o’clock), too high in 2.0%, and too low in 2.0%.There were no cases of recurrent dislocation or subluxation.Conclusion: The modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure has shown satisfactory results with good graft positioning.It is a minimal invasive and accurate approach, which combines the advantages of the open procedure.

Clinical outcomes of two-part lesser tuberosity fracture with locked posterior shoulder dislocation treated with modified McLaughlin procedure / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of both acute and chronic two-part lesser tuberosity fracture with locked posterior dislocation and analyze the risk factors for the clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between April 2003 and June 2010, 29 patients received surgical treatment for two-part lesser tuberosity fractures with a locked posterior shoulder dislocation. Eighteen of these patients received modified McLaughlin procedures and were available for both clinical and radiographic evaluation for more than 2 years. All of the 18 patients were male. The average age was (40 ± 11) years (range, 21-58 years). Nine patients had left arms involved while another 9 patients got right side involved, 9 of 18 patients had their dominant side involved. The average time from initial injury to surgery was (40 ± 42)days (range, 4-123 days). The patients received follow-up 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after the operation, and the follow-up was performed once a year. The shoulder range of motion and visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded at the final follow-up. The functional outcomes were evaluated using University of California-Los Angeles Shoulder Scale (UCLA), Constant Score, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES). The degree of humeral head necrosis was analysed according to plain radiographs taken at the final follow-up. The risk factors including patients' age, dominant side involvement and time from injury to surgery on the final clinical outcomes and the degree of humeral head necrosis were also analysed using Pearson correlation analysis and Wilcoxon analysis methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean follow-up period was (38 ± 16) months (range, 24-72 months). All of the patients regained shoulder stability postoperatively. At the final follow-up, the average VAS was 0.6 ± 0.9 (0-3). The average UCLA was 28 ± 4 (23-33). The average Constant was 85 ± 8 (71-96). The average ASES was 83 ± 7 (75-95). The time from injury to surgery was identified as the risk factor regarding UCLA (r = 0.648, P = 0.004), Constant score (r = 0.506, P = 0.032) and ASES score (r = 0.517, P = 0.028).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Satisfactory results can be achieved with surgical treatment for lesser tuberosity fractures with locked posterior shoulder dislocations. The time from injury to surgery has a negative impact on the clinical function outcome.</p>

Development and characterization of a stable cell line expressing respiratory syncytial virus non-structural protein NS1 / 病毒学报

To develop a stable cell line that could express the RSV NS1, the full-length RSV NS1 gene was generated by RT-PCR amplification from respiratory syncytial virus. NS1 gene was ligated with pBABE-puro to construct the recombinant retroviral expression plasmid pBABE-NS1, which was cotransfected into 293FT packaging cells with PIK packaging plasmid by calcium phosphate co-precipitation. The supernatant of 293FT was collected to infect HEp-2 cells, the resulting cell clones stably expressing NS1 were screened by puromycin. Using QPCR, CPE staining method and indirect immunofluorescence assay, the expression of NS1 at both gene and protein levels was identified. The recombinant plasmid pBABE-NS1 was identified by EcoRI and BamHI endonuclease digestion and the sequence analysis. QPCR results showed that the NS1 gene amplification in HEp-2-NS1 cells was 8483 fold higher than that in HEp-2 cells. Although the exogenous interferon was added, all cells were destroyed after 48 hours post infection using CPE staining method, showing that HEp-2-NS1 cells remained sensitive to the VSV virus. The results of RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that the NS1 gene in HEp-2 cells could not only transcribe mRNA, but also express NS1 protein steadily. We had successfully established HEp-2-NS1 cell lines with stable expression of respiratory syncytial virus non-structural protein NS1.

Analysis of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in von Hippel-Lindau gene and detection of loss of heterozygosity in Chinese sporadic renal cell carcinoma / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To exam two single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in VHL gene and intragenic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of VHL gene in 79 Chinese sporadic renal cell carcinomas(RCCs), and to analyze the relationships between VHL LOH and clinicopathological parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The authors extracted tumor and normal tissue DNA and detected two genotypes of intragenic SNP sites, rs779805 in the 5'terminal and rs 1642742 in the 3'terminal of VHL gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction frament length polymorphism, then analyzed VHL LOH by comparing tumor tissue versus normal tissue in heterozygosities. Subsequently the relationships between VHL LOH and clinicopathological parameters of RCCs were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The computed heritage parameters of two SNPs, included genotype frequency, allele frequency, heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content. Twenty-nine heterozygosities were detected in 79 RCCs. LOH was found in 41.4%(12/29) of RCCs. No significant relationships between VHL LOH and age, sex, tumor stage, pathological grade were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LOH of VHL gene is an important genetic event in Chinese sporadic renal carcinoma, and the LOH frequency is 41.4%. VHL LOH has no influence on stage and grade of RCC.</p>

Analysis of biallelic inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene VHL in patients of renal cell carcinoma patient / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate biallelic inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) in patient of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patient.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We extracted tumor and normal DNA from 41 RCC patients. Mutation of VHL gene from tumor tissue was detected from tumor tissue by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites located in VHL gene were analyzed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was analyzed for VHL gene by comparing between tumor with normal tissue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mutation and LOH of VHL gene was found in 51% (21/41) and 42% (8/19) of RCC patients respectively. LOH was highly associated with mutation positive tumors (r = 0.78) and VHL biallelic inactivation was detected in 37% of RCC patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Biallelic inactivation of VHL gene occurs in RCC due to VHL mutation and LOH, and its frequency rate is 37%.</p>

The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1,2 alpha in sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and their relationships to the mutations of von Hippel-Lindau gene / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, 2alpha in sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and their relationships to the mutations of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mutations of VHL gene, expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct DNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry in 77 cases of Chinese sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The stage was pT(1)N(0)M(0)in 55 patients (71%), pT(2)N(0)M(0) in 7 patients (9%), pT(3)N(0)M(0) in 14 patients (18%), and pT(4)N(0)M(0) in 1 patient (1%). The classification according to the tumor nuclear grading system showed 15 carcinomas (19%) of tumor nuclear grade 1, 56 (73%) of tumor nuclear grade 2 and 6 (8%) of tumor nuclear grade 3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>None of the VHL gene mutations were found in all the normal tissue specimens. VHL gene mutations were detected in 40 (52%) cases of CCRCC. The positive rate of HIF-2alpha (81%) was higher than that of HIF-1alpha (66%) (chi(2) = 23.310, P < 0.01); The positive rate of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha in the cases of mutations (98% and 93% respectively) was higher than that of them in non-mutations (32% and 68% respectively) (chi(2) = 36.386, 7.617, P < 0.01); The correlation between HIF-1alpha and VHL gene mutations was closer than that between HIF-2alpha and VHL gene mutations (partial correlation coefficiency was 4.481 and 2.027 respectively, P < 0.01). The expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha in different pathological grade and stage of CCRCC showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our study suggests that VHL gene mutations are frequent in sporadic CCRCC, and the high expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha are found in the group of VHL mutations. However, we have not found significant correlation between the expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha and pathological grade and stage of CCRCC in our study.</p>

Somatic mutations of VHL gene and HIF-1alpha expression in primary renal clear cell carcinomas / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the significance of somatic mutations of VHL gene and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression in primary renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mutation of VHL gene and HIF-1alpha expression were detected by means of PCR, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), direct sequencing and immunohistochemistry in 32 samples from primary renal clear cell carcinoma patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 32 RCC samples, 17 samples (53.1%) had and 32 samples of adjacent nonmalignant renal tissue had not mutations of VHL gene expression. Twelve RCC samples (70.6%) which had mutations of VHL gene expressed HIF-1alpha, and it had significant difference to 4 RCC (26.7%) samples which didn't have mutations of VHL gene (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mutations of VHL gene may play a significant role in the tumorigenesis of RCC, and HIF-1alpha expression correlates with it.</p>

The influence of neuroendocrine differentiation on the growth and androgen receptor expression of prostate carcinoma cells / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the paracrine effect of the neuroendocrine differentiation cells and its influence on androgen receptor expression of prostate carcinoma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Established an in vitro induced model of neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate carcinoma (LNCaP(NE), PC-3M(NE)), and investigate the proliferation effect of neuroendocrine phenotype cells (LNCaP(NE), PC-3M(NE)) on other non-neuroendocrine phenotype cells (LNCaP, PC-3M) by feeding non-neuroendocrine phenotype cells with the medium pre-incubated with induced neuroendocrine phenotype cells. It was also tested the regulation of androgen receptor mRNA and androgen receptor protein expression of LNCaP(NE) cells on LNCaP cells by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot in the presence or absence of androgens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The medium pre-incubated with PC-3M(NE) cells could promote the proliferation of PC-3M cells. The medium pre-incubated with LNCaP(NE) cells could promote the proliferation of LNCaP cells, and reduce the expression of androgen receptor in the latter in the absence of androgens, but the negative results were observed in the presence of androgens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The neuroendocrine phenotype cells of prostate cancer can reduce the expression of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells and promote them to proliferate by means of paracrine in the blockade of androgens.</p>

Quantitative determination of ephedrine、D-pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin at the same time in herbs, its preparations and semi-finished products / 中成药

AIM: To establish a simultaneous quantitative method which was simple and rapid for mixture of ephedrine、 D-pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin. METHODS: Ephedrine、D-pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin in Herba Ephedrae、Semen Armeniacae Amarum、Zhisou Lixiao Tablets、Zhisou Lixiao Capsules and its semi-finished products were determinated by HPLC. RESULTS: The methodological study showed that a good linear correlation existed in the range of 0.039 68-0.892 8 ?g for ephedrine hydrochloride and 0.106 3-4.252 ?g for amygdalin, respectively. The average recovery of ephedrine hydrochloride was 98.2%(n=9) and RSD was 1.6%; The average recovery of amygdalin was 99.4%(n=9) and RSD was 2.4%. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, accurate and reproducible and with high precision. The method can be used for quality control of Chinese preparations.